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The AB toxins are two-component protein complexes secreted by a number of pathogenic bacteria. They can be classified as Type III toxins bec...

Root nodules occur on the roots of plants (primarily Fabaceae) that associate with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Under nitrogen-limiti...

Mitosis is the cell cycle process by which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its o...

Gram staining, also called Gram's method, is a method of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups (gram-positive and gram...

Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used specifically for treating viral infections. Like antibiotics for bacteria, specific antiviral...

A lysosome (derived from the Greek words lysis, meaning "to loosen", and soma, "body") is a membrane-bound cell organell...

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a biomedical technology in molecular biology used to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a piece...

Folic Acid Folic acid is one  of the B-complex vitamins required in order to produce red blood cells. Folic acid is a manufactured form of f...

Shigella  and Shigellosis (page 1)   This chapter has 4 pages   Shigella  is a genus of gamma proteobacteria in the family  Enterobacteriace...

H1N1 Flu Virus (Swine Flu) Looking for an effective flu treatment and wondering if antibiotics will work? Antibiotics are medications that f...